All Terms & Definitions

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #

Select the first letter of the word from the list above to jump to appropriate section of the glossary.

- A -

Access Cover (Backwater Valves)

Removable cover, usually at floor level, which permits access to working parts of the valve.

Access Cover (Cleanouts)

Plate which covers opening in floor or wall which leads to closure plug.

Actuator Shaft (Hydrants)

The mechanism which, through use of key, regulates movement of the operating rod to open and close valve. Also referred to as the Operating Mechanism.

Adjustable Floor Drain (Floor Drains)

A floor drain designed for use in finished floor areas including showers, with a nonferrous adjustable strainer and a seepage flange on the body.

Adjustable Gravity Oil Drawoff (Interceptors)

A device for diverting the separated light density oils in interceptor to a storage tank.

Adjustable Strainer Assembly (Floor Drains)

Usually nonferrous, threaded shank floor drain top assembly with grate, adjustable to finished floor level.

Adjustable Top Assembly (Cleanouts)

Used in conjunction with a cleanout ferrule, which adjusts to meet finished floor level.

Air Chamber (Water Hammer)

A closed section of pipe or other container designed to trap air at atmospheric pressure when mounted on a tee in a water supply line and intended to reduce water hammer pressures.

Air Relief (Interceptors)

A port to relieve air pressure built up inside an interceptor body.

Alignment Truss (Fixture Supports)

A structural member of a carrier designed to maintain proper spacing of other carrier components.

Anchor Flange (General Terms)

Flange extending from side of drain body which anchors it in the floor slab.

Angle Strainer Assembly (Floor Drains)

Strainer with drainage openings in both the horizontal and vertical planes set in floor-wall intersection which permits drainage through vertical opening if floor openings are blocked.  See ADJUSTABLE STRAINER ASSEMBLY.

Area Drain (Floor Drains)

A drain designed to receive and convey run-off water or other liquid from the areas immediately adjacent to the building structure to the drainage system.

Automatic Trap Primer (General Terms)

A device with an integral air gap, installed in a cold water supply line of a frequently used fixture, diverting a small amount of water to a trap for the purpose of maintaining its seal.

Auxiliary Inlet (General Terms)

Connection on side of body or fitting which receives discharge from another fixture or drain.

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- B -

Back Pressure (Hydrants)

A pressure applying a force in a direction opposite the normal flow direction.

Back Pressure Backflow (Hydrants)

A reversal of the normal and intended direction of flow caused by back pressure.

Back-Siphonage (Hydrants)

The application of the siphon principle in a water supply line which produces a flow of water in the direction opposite that normally produced by the force of gravity.

Back-Siphonage Preventer (Hydrants)

See VACUUM BREAKER

Backflow (Hydrants)

A reversal of the normal and intended direction of flow of water in a pipe line.

Backflow Preventer (Hydrants)

A device or means to prevent backflow of water in pipe lines.

Backwater Valve (Floor Drains)

Flap or float type device in drain body to prevent backflow of sewage or storm water into the building.

Baffles (Interceptors)

Part(s) of the unit that facilitate trapping and separation of the grease, fats and oils from the waste water.

Ball Float Check Valve (Backwater Valves)

A backwater valve for vertical installation at outlet of floor drain

Ball Float (Backwater Valves)

Buoyant sealing element of valve which seals drain against backflow upon internal water level increase.

Bearing Pan (Roof Drain)

See SUMP RECEIVER

Bearing Plate (Fixture Supports)

A plate attached to the uprights with provisions for bearing studs.

Bellows (Water Hammer)

The flexible element of bellows form in some types of water hammer arresters which separates the displacement cushion from the surge chamber.

Bearing Studs (Fixture Supports)

Studs attached to the bearing plate to hold the fixture off the wall.

Bladder (Water Hammer)

The compressible element of bladder form in some types of water hammer arresters which contains the displacement cushion and separates it from the surge chamber.

Body (Backwater Valves)

Housing portion of valve which contains all working parts.

Bottom Outlet (General Terms)

Drain line connection to bottom of drain body.

Box (for Concealed Heads) (Hydrants)

A function box to enclose the hydrant head, concealing the nozzle for a flush fully-encased installation.

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- C -

Calculated Air Chamber (Water Hammer)

An air chamber designed in accordance with the Dawson & Kallnske formula for air chambers for reducing water hammer pressures.

Casing (Hydrants)

The sleeve which provides the conduit for water between the head and valve housing.

Chair Carrier (Fixture Supports)

A support for an off-the-floor fixture other than water closets and women's urinals.

Check Valve (Backwater Valves)

A device installed in a drain line which prevents backflow without obstructing normal flow.

Clamping Device (General Terms)

Used to secure waterproofing membrane to seepage flange of body.

Cleanout Tee (Cleanouts)

Tee fitting, installed in vertical or horizontal lines, with a suitable closure plug in run of tee to permit access to said lines.

Closure Plug (Cleanouts)

Plug installed in ferrule to effect a water - and gas-tight seal - when removed, permits access to sewer line for cleaning or inspection.  Seal may be NPT thread or NPSL with gasket.

Closure Plug (Floor Drains)

Water- and gas-tight plug installed in outlet of drain, when required for testing purposes or prevention of stoppage of intermittent use drain lines.

Combination Floor Drain (Backwater Valves)

A floor drain incorporating an internal swing check or ball float valve to prevent backflow.

Combination Horizontal Backwater (Backwater Valves)

A backwater valve for installation in a horizontal drain line incorporating an internal swing check valve and manual gate valve to prevent backflow.

Combination Water Closet (Fixture Supports)

An assembly for supporting off-the-floor water closets and women's urinals which includes both support and waste fitting components.

Compression Chamber (Water Hammer)

That portion, within the casing or shell, of a water hammer arrester which contains the displacement cushion.

Concealed Arm (Fixture Supports)

The fixture supporting member extending horizontally from the upper end of a chair carrier upright (stanchion) which is concealed in the fixture.

Coupling (Fixture Supports)

The component which compressed the fixture gasket and provides the conduit means for waste between the fixture and faceplate.

Cross-Connection (Hydrants)

Any connection to a portable water supply system through which potable water is supplied to a service outlet and through which contaminants unfit for human consumption can enter the potable water lines by back pressure or back-siphonage backflow.

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- D -

Diaphragm (Water Hammer)

The flexible element of diaphragm form in some types of water hammer arresters which separates the displacement cushion from the surge chamber.

Displacement Cushion (Water Hammer)

Compressible gas aor air contained under pressure in the compression chamber of a water hammer arrester to absorb the shock pressure.

Displacement Fluid (Water Hammer)

Used in some water hammer arresters as an interface between the displacement cushion and the flexible element.

Dome (Roof Drain)

A convex strainer with sufficient free area above its base, which permits continuous roof drainage if debris collects around drain.

Dome Bottom Strainer (Floor Drains)

Hemispherically shaped strainer, set in bottom of drain which serves to reduce splashing, intercepts debris which passes through top grate openings.  Large free area (height) prevents clogging while assuring maximum flow.

Dome Grate (Floor Drains)

Convex grate with available free area above floor level for drainage if debris collects around base of grate.

Drain Body (General Terms)

 Main part of drain which is connected to drain line and supports grate, adjustable strainer and/or other components of drain.

Drain Body Sump (General Terms)

Central portion of drain body immediately above or adjacent to the outlet.

Drain Outlet Gasket (General Terms)

An elastomeric compression sleeve used in place of lead and oakum to connect inside caulk outlet drains to the drainage piping system.

Drain Tile Sump (General Terms)

A form of junction box to which foundation drain tile is connected, with outlet connection to the building drain line.  Normally used in conjunction with a floor level cleanout or drain, trap and backwater valve, or the combination of these components.  Also referred to as tile connector drain or foundation drain.

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- E -

Expansion Joint (Roof Drain)

Device which compensates for thermal expansion in roof or piping connected to roof drain.

Exposed Arm (Fixture Supports)

The fixture supporting member extending horizontally from the upper end of a chair carrier upright (stanchion) and fully or partially exposed to view.

Extension Collar (General Terms)

 Used to raise drain top to surface level to meet slab thickness and roughing requirements.  Either fixed or adjustable.

Extension Section (Floor Drains)

Trench drain sections which do not have an outlet connection and whose purpose is only to extend the length of trench drain assembly.  Also referred to as Neutral Channels.

Extra Heavy Duty (Floor Drains)

Top loading classification for floor drain grates designed to support live wheel loads from 7,500 to 10,000 pounds.

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- F -

Faceplate (Fixture Supports)

That part of the carrier which holds the fixture bolts and, in a combination water closet support and fitting, seals the fitting branch opening.  In the combination support and filling, the faceplate may carry the fixture bolts as well as seal the branch opening.

Ferrule (Fitting) (Cleanouts)

Fitting which receives closure plug and functions as transition piece, connecting to drain-line piping.

Finished Floor (General Terms)

Floors which are covered with an additional "topping" over slab, such as floor tile or terrazzo for aesthetic purposes.

Fitting (Fixture Supports)

The sanitary waste fitting component of a combination water closet support and fitting.

Fixed Air Gap Fitting (General Terms)

A device designed to provide a rigid connection between indirect waste and the building drainage system, having an air gap or at least twice the effective diameter of the drain served to provide free circulation of air and prevent contamination from back siphonage or back flow.

Fixture Bolts (Fixture Supports)

The stud members on which the fixture is mounted.

Fixture Gasket (Fixture Supports)

The sealing element between fixture and coupling.

Fixture Supports (Carriers) (Fixture Supports)

A device that can be normally concealed in the building construction, designed to support off-the-floor plumbing fixtures independent of the wall partition.

Fixture Unit (Water Hammer)

A measure of the portable hydraulic demand on the water supply by various types of plumbing fixtures.  The supply fixture unit for a particular fixture depends on its volume rate of supply, on the time duration of a single supply operation, and on the average time between successive operations.

Flapper (Backwater Valves)

See ROTATING DISC.

Flashing Collar (General Terms)

See CLAMPING DEVICE

Flat Grate (General Terms)

Perforated, slotted, or otherwise opened flat top member of a drain which provides for drainage of liquids while restricting flow of solids and supports traffic within design limitations.

Flat Bottom Strainer (Floor Drains)

Grate placed at bottom of drain body to intercept debris which may pass through top grate openings.

Floor Cleanout (Cleanouts)

A device designed to provide access through the floor or slab to horizontal lines for cleaning and inspection.

Floor Drain (Floor Drains)

A drain designed to receive and convey run-off water or other liquid from building floors to the drainage system.

Floor Level Cleanout (Floor Drains)

A device included in some floor drains with trapped outlet which permits access to drain line from finished floor level.

Flow Control Fitting (Interceptors)

A device installed upstream from the interceptor having an orifice and air intake which controls the rate of flow through the interceptor.

Flow Pressure (Water Hammer)

The gauge pressure in a flowing water supply line immediately upstream of a fixture valve which is open and flowing.

Flushing Connection (Floor Drains)

Water connection in side of drain body or to flushing rim which allows water to be passed into drain body with the intent to flush solids and clean walls of drain.

Foot (Fixture Supports)

A member of a carrier, designed to rest on the floor or slab in a concealed location to anchor and  support the assembly.

Fresh Air Inlet Cover (General Terms)

A protective cover which is installed on the outside building wall over the open entrance of fresh air inlet pipe with openings to permit free introduction of air to the building drainage system and prevent intake of solids that could block the entrance.

Funnel (Floor Drains)

Serves as an indirect waste or a condensate drip receiver when attached to the top of a floor drain grate.

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- G -

Gauge Pressure (Water Hammer)

Pressure in pounds per square inch or kPa, above atmospheric pressure; the pressure as indicated by a single Bourdon tube pressure gauge.

Gland Plage (Gasketed) (Backwater Valves)

Component of manual gate valve which supports all working parts.

Grate Free Area (Floor Drains)

Total area of the drainage openings in the grate.

Gravel Guard (Stop) (Roof Drain)

That portion of the clamping device which restricts passage of roof gravel into drainage system.

Grease-Interceptor (Interceptors)

A device to separate and retain light density liquids, grease, fats, cooking oils, etc., from waste water for easy removal.

Gutter or Cornice Roof Drain (Roof Drain)

A roof drain for installation in gutters, cornices, balconies and other overhanging construction to prevent overflow to areas below.

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- H -

Hanger Plate (Fixture Supports)

That part of a carrier located between the upper end of the uprights with provisions for mounting the fixture hanger furnished by the fixture manufacturer.

Head (Hydrants)

That part of hydrant having threaded nozzle connection for attaching hose.

Heavy Duty Cover (Cleanouts)

Cover that sets flush with floor, which withstands heavy traffic of large trucks and forklifts without being distorted.

Heavy Duty (Floor Drains)

Top loading classification for floor drain grates designed to support live wheel loads from 5,000 to 7,499 pounds.

Hinge Arm (Backwater Valves)

Component of swing check valve which supports rotating disc.

Horizontal Backwater Valve (Backwater Valves)

A backwater valve for installation in a horizontal drain line incorporating an internal swing check valve to prevent backflow.

Hose Thread Outlet (Hydrants)

The connector that permits the hose to be attached to the hydrant.

Hot and Cold Non-Freeze W (Hydrants)

A device, having hot and cold water inlet connections, for installation in building walls with outlet concealed, in which the valves are operable at temperatures below 32 ^O F

Hot and Cold Wall Hydrant (Hydrants)

A device having hot and cold water inlet connections for installation in building walls with outlet concealed, in which the valves are not operable at valve body temperatures below 32^O F (0^OC).

Hub Adapter (General Terms)

A fitting, threaded at one end with standard soil pipe hub at the other end which is used to convert threaded products to hub connections.

Hub Outlet (General Terms)

A drain connection, usually on side outlet drains, which is reverse of inside caulk outlet where plain end of drain pipe is inserted and seal is made either by caulking or with compression gasket.

Hydrants (Hydrants)

Manufactured device which conveys water from supply pipe to a hose thread outlet, incorporating a valve(s) with opening and closing means at point of use, with all working parts accessible for maintenance.  Said means to be a removable (loose set) operating key engaging a recessed operating stem.

Hydraulic Fluid (Water Hammer)

See DISPLACEMENT FLUID

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- I -

Indirect Waste Receptor (Floor Drains)

Receptor which receives discharge pipe which is not directly connected to receptor but maintains a suitable air gap from end of pipe to top of drain.

Inlet (Hydrants)

That part of hydrant having a connection to supply water to the unit.

Inlet Connection (Hydrants)

The connector that varies depending on size and type of water supply pipe.

Inside Caulk (Ferrule) (Cleanouts)

Connection made by inserting plain end pipe in ferrule and caulking through closure plug entrance.

Inside Caulk Outlet (General Terms)

Open bottom cup type drain connection which is placed over plain end of drain pipe in which the seal is made either by caulking or with compression gasket.

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- J -

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- K -

Key (Hydrants)

A device to manually open and close off flow of water from hydrant.

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- L -

Laminated Top (General Terms)

Type of grate or cover where a non-ferrous top is attached to iron base for appearance and strength.

Leveling Screws (Fixture Supports)

Screws located in a carrier arm which bear on the fixture to level and support it in relation to the floor.

Light Duty (Floor Drains)

Top loading classification for floor drain grates designed to support loads less than 2,000 pounds.

Locking Device (Fixture Supports)

A device which secures a lavatory or sink to a carrier arm.

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- M -

Medium Duty (Floor Drains)

Top loading classification for floor drain grates designed to support live wheel loads from 2,000 to 4,999 pounds.

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- N -

Non-Freeze Ground (Yard)  (Hydrants)

A device for installation in ground with outlet concealed at grade and inlet below frost line, in which the valve is operable at temperatures below 32^OF (0^OC).

Non-Freeze Wall Hydrant,  (Hydrants)

A device for installation in building walls with outlet exposed or concealed, in which the valve is operable at temperatures below 32^OF (O^OC), for the protection of the portable water supply against pollution by backflow through the hose threaded outlet.

Non-Rising Stem (Backwater Valves)

Component of manual gate valve which supports shear gate and provides vertical adjustment of same.

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- O -

Oil-Interceptor (Interceptors)

A device to separate light density oils from waste water and retain and divert same to a storage tank.

Operating Rod (Stem) (Hydrants)

The rod that connects operating mechanism to valve.

Outlet Section (Floor Drains)

Section in trench drain body assembly in which an outlet connection to connecting drain pipe is provided.

Outside Caulk (Hub) Outlet (General Terms)

See HUB OUTLET

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- P -

Parapet Roof Drain (Roof Drain)

A roof drain for installation in parapets for conveying rainwater from a roof area through the parapet.

Promenade or Deck Drain (Roof Drain)

A roof drain for installation in roof decks subject to pedestrian or vehicular traffic.

Promenade Top (Roof Drain)

Square or round top with flat grate for roof drains when used on promenade or walking decks.

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- Q -

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- R -

Recessed Clover for Tile (Cleanouts)

Cover recessed to receive material of finished floor.

Removable Screens (Interceptors)

The retaining element in a sediment interceptor for separating solids and other material to prevent same from entering the sewage system.

Riser, Sleeve Adaptor (General Terms)

A fitting normally with anchor flange, flashing clamp device and hub-like caulking recess at the top for installation in floor slabs as a sleeve through which piping is passed and caulked in place to prevent leakage.  Also referred to as Waterproof Sleeve.

Rotating Disc (Backwater Valves)

Component of swing check valve supported by hinge arm which closes upon backflow and rotates to dislodge debris from seat.

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- S -

Sanitary Floor Drain (Floor Drains)

A floor drain with smooth interior, free of crevices, depressions, offsets, and coated with acid resistant porcelain enamel or an equivalent coating, equipped with a nonferrous or enameled iron top grate which is easily removed for cleaning of the interior surfaces.

Seat (Backwater Valves)

Fixed component of backwater valve which completes seal when mated with rotating disc, shear gate, or ball float.

Secondary Dome Strainer (Floor Drains)

See DOME BOTTOM STRAINER

Secondary Strainer (Floor Drains)

See FLAT BOTTOM STRAINER

Sediment Basket (Interceptors)

That part in an interceptor which collects chip particles and/or other sediment that could clog the drainage system.

Sediment (Solids) Interceptor (Interceptors)

A device which separates from waste water, solids such as plaster, broken glass, hair, lint or other materials detrimental to the sewage system.

Sediment Bucket (Floor Drains)

A removable container with openings for passage of liquids, which is set under top grate in drain body to intercept debris which may pass through top grate openings and clog drain line.

Seepage Flange (General Terms)

Flange extending from side of drain body below seepage openings to collect seepage that may occur around drain and direct same into the seepage openings, thus preventing such seepage from bypassing drain.

Seepage Opening (General Terms)

A perforation in side wall of drain body sump, usually several are included, above seepage flange to receive any seepage from around drain and direct same into the sump.

Shear Gate (Backwater Valves)

Manually controlled element of gate valve which seals against backflow and is spade-shaped to cut through debris in line upon closure.

Shock Absorber (Water Hammer)

See WATER HAMMER ARRESTER, DEFINITION

Shock Pressure (Water Hammer)

The maximum gauge pressure developed in a water supply line during shock caused by rapid valve closure.

Side Outlet (General Terms)

Lateral drain line connection at side of drain body.

Sleeve (Fixture Supports)

The component of a chair carrier that ties the arm or other fixture support to the upright.

Spade Gate (Backwater Valves)

See SHEAR GATE

Spigot Adapter (General Terms)

A fitting, threaded at one end with standard soil pipe spigot at the other end which is used to convert threaded products to spigot connections.

Spigot Connection (Ferrule) (Cleanouts)

Male plain end outlet for caulking into soil hubs or for connecting with No-Hub clamp.

Spigot Outlet (General Terms)

Male, pipe size, plain end connection for caulking into soil pipe hub or joining to plain end pipe with mechanical coupling - i.e., NO-HUB.

Strainer Grate (Floor Drains)

A grate which completes the top of an adjustable strainer assembly.  See ADJUSTABLE STRAINER ASSEMBLY.

Standard or General Purpose Roof (Roof Drain)

A roof drain for installation in any roof area excluding the parapet of the roof structure.

Standpipe (General Terms)

A removable pipe used in connections with closed top drain to maintain a specified water level above drain top in pools and the like

Static Pressure (Water Hammer)

The pressure in pounds per square inch in a dormant or non-flowing branch line.

Sump (Drain) Receiver (Roof Drain)

A device which receives and uniformly supports roof drain, distributing weight of drain over larger area of roof.

Surge Chamber (Water Hammer)

That portion within a water hammer arrester which is in direct fluid communication with the piping system which receives the fluid surge for suppression.

Surge Control Orifice (Water Hammer)

A restricted opening at the inlet of some water hammer arresters provided to decrease the rate of pressure change of the liquid flowing between the surge chamber and the pipe system.

Surge Pressure (Water Hammer)

See SHOCK PRESSURE

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- T -

Terminal Backwater Valve (Backwater Valves)

A backwater valve for installation at the discharge end of a horizontal drain line incorporating a swing check valve to prevent backflow

Threaded (Tapped) Outlet (General Terms)

Internally threaded drain line connection for joining drain to threaded pipe drain line with American Standard Taper pipe threads (NPT).

Tractor Grate (Floor Drains)

Heavy duty grate or solid cover with deep set rim which, when set in body recess, will not "pop" out when heavy moving load passes over it.

Trap Primer Adapter (General Terms)

A fitting with auxiliary tapped inlet connection to attach trap primer feed line, which is connected to a floor drain outlet ahead of the trap.   Also referred to as auxiliary inlet fitting.

Trap Primer Connection (Floor Drains)

Tapped (internally threaded) boss on body for connection of pipe line from trap primer valve to provide water for the trap to replenish that which has evaporated.

Trench Drain (Floor Drains)

A long, narrow manufactured sectional drain designed to receive and convey to the drainage system run-off water or other liquids from a broad, flat area inside of, or immediately adjacent to the building structure.

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- U -

Underdeck Clamp (Roof Drain)

Clamp device used to secure drain to roof deck to prevent vertical movement and possible roofing or membrane breakage around drain.

Unfinished Floor (General Terms)

Floor where top of slab serves as final traffic surface and no additional flooring or topping is applied.

Upright (Fixture Supports)

The vertical component of a chair carrier which is mounted on the foot and carries the header.

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- V -

Vacuum Breaker (Hydrants)

A device or means in a water supply line which opens when there is loss of pressure allowing air to enter the pipe line at atmospheric pressure and prevent back-siphonage should the supply pressure tend to fall to sub-atmospheric, and which has the added capabilities for preventing back pressure backflow should a pressure in the hose develop in excess of the supply pressu

Valve (Hydrants)

That part of the hydrant which opens or closes the water way.

Valve Housing (Hydrants)

That part of the hydrant near the inlet which contains the valve.

Valve Seal (Hydrants)

That part of the valve which provides the seal on closure.

Vent Connection (Interceptors)

A means to connect vent piping to provide the flow of the air and permit odor to escape from the interceptor.

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- W -

Wall Clamp (Hydrants)

An adjustable part to secure hydrant in wall and meet various wall thickness by adjustment on casing.

Wall Cleanout (Cleanouts)

A device designed to provide access through the wall to drainage lines for cleaning and inspection.

Wall Sleeve (General Terms)

A fitting with connections at both ends and anchor flange to attach and anchor piping passing through wall construction.  Also referred to as stack sleeve.

Water Closet Carrier (Fixture Supports)

A concealed support for an off-the-floor water closet.

Water Closet Gasket (Fixture Supports)

See FIXTURE GASKET

Water Dam (Roof Drain)

A solid ring attached to clamping device to maintain a specific water depth on roof or to serve as an overflow.

Water Hammer (Water Hammer)

The term used to describe the destructive forces, audible pounding and vibration which develop in a piping system when a column of non-compressible liquid flowing through a pipe line at a given pressure and velocity is abruptly stopped.

Water Hammer Arresters (Water Hammer)

A manufactured device, other than an air chamber containing a permanently sealed cushion of gas or air designed to provide continuous protection against excessive surge pressure without maintenance.

Waterlogged (Water Hammer)

Condition of an air chamber when all or part of its normal air content has been displaced by water thus impairing its efficiency.

Weep Hole (General Terms)

See SEEPAGE OPENING

Weir Opening (Roof Drain)

Collar with openings designed to restrict drainage to metered amounts to prevent sewer overload.

Wheel Handle (Backwater Valves)

Removable component of manual gate valve through which valve is controlled.

Wide Flange (General Terms)

A flange surrounding and slightly below the top rim on certain drains and cleanouts and adjustable strainers to which composition deck material is bonded.

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Copyright © 2009 by Jay R. Smith Mfg. Co.^®